Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Bill Clinton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bill Clinton - Essay Example Clinton woke himself up on Sunday mornings, wore his best garments at that point strolled to Park Place Baptist Church, which was a large portion of a mile away from his home to go to administrations alone. Gospel music performed by the congregation ensemble was among the significant affecting components to Clinton’s love for the congregation, which likewise propelled him to begin playing the jazz saxophone. When Clinton was through with his secondary school instruction, he had built up his abilities in playing jazz saxophone where many remembered him as the best saxophonist in the city (Finkelman and Wallenstein 80). Clinton went to Hot Springs High School, which was an isolated secondary school for the whites where he turned into a heavenly understudy notwithstanding being a basic individual from the school’s jazz band. Clinton went to the Arkansas Boys State in 1963 and was effectively chosen the Arkansas agent for the American Legion's Boys Nation. Every delegate go t an opportunity to meet the USA president which gave him an open door through a challenge to meet the then President John F. Kennedy. Because of the photograph shoot the youthful Bill Clinton had warmly greeting President Kennedy; the photo has since become a notable picture meaning a going of the initiative mallet between ages of present day Democratic authority (Benson 11). His political nature having taken roots in his secondary school years, Clinton in a flash entered college legislative issues at the Georgetown University being chosen leader of his green bean and sophomore classes yet later lost the political decision for understudy body president in his lesser year. Clinton at that point moved his concentration from grounds governmental issues to his work as an agent for the Foreign Relations Committee, which at the time was under Senator Fulbright (Benson 19). Clinton’s prompt accessibility to take the Rhodes grant to go to Oxford University he had won while at George town University became questionable soon after his appearance in Oxford as he was required back to Arkansas when he got a draft notice. To guarantee he goes to Oxford, Clinton joined up with the ROTC program at the University of Arkansas Law School to evade military help, however didn't go to graduate school that fall, as he came back to Oxford to take up his grant (Benson 27). It was while going to the Yale Law School subsequent to seeing out his Rhodes grant, that Clinton met Hillary Rodham, a splendid young lady whose political goals were in agreement with those of Clinton (Finkelman and Wallenstein 80). The Clintons moved to Arkansas after their graduation, where Bill took up a showing position at the University of Arkansas yet since his heart was in governmental issues, he immediately entered the universe of legislative issues. His previously took shots at an elective seat subsequent to moving on from Yale was in 1974 when he confronted the Republican occupant U.S. Place of Rep resentatives John Paul Hammer Schmidt in a political decision Clinton lost. Clinton lost the political race in just barely to the amazement of many denoting his height as the quick rising political star of the Arkansas Democratic Party. Clinton was to highlight again the political races two years after the fact this time getting chose the state lawyer general a position he held until 1978 when he ran for the governor’s position vanquishing Republican Lynn Lowe to get probably the most youthful representative in American history at 32 years old (Gaines 16). Having made sure about his

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Use of Moral Hazards in Workplaces

Utilization of Moral Hazards in Workplaces The utilization of the term moral peril has a background marked by over 200 years. As Dembe and Boden (2000) demonstrated that, since the 1600s, the term moral danger is utilized in the conversation about the chance of motivators for individuals under protection to be less mindful so as to secure themselves or safeguarded products and the inclination of misrepresentation for getting monetary advantages from protection. It originally showed up in the monetary writing during the 1960s regarding dynamic under vulnerability. Bolt (1963) and Pauly (1968) are two as often as possible cited papers. Bolt (1963) considered good risk as one of the issues in the protection showcase and called attention to that the supposition that guaranteed occasions are occurred out of the control of safeguarded individual isn't generally obvious in the reality and, in this way, there isn't finished protection advertise if the vulnerability exits. Pauly (1968) additionally clarified that the ethical risk issu e can be broke down by universal monetary instruments in various types of protection. In the monetary writing these days, moral danger is concentrated in different fields. Dembe and Boden (2000) presumed that there are two significant classes of inquires about on moral danger. One is started from the early writing about protection showcase; the other is about monetary dynamic, for example, fund, banking, bookkeeping and the executives. In the current monetary emergency, moral peril is all the more every now and again talked about and accused as one of the reasons for the financial issue. Summers (2007) guaranteed that the issue of good danger is exaggerated and cautioned individuals know about good peril fundamentalism. Dowd (2009) differ and accepted that the issue is underestimated and ought to be paid attention to. Dowd talked about the strategy disappointments in the US money related industry in respects of good peril. Dow (2010) broke down the idea of good peril according to the money related emergency and inferred that there is shameless conduct in budgetary market however the issue ought to go farther than traditional comprehension. The remainder of the paper is sorted out as follows. In the subsequent area, the definitions and nature of good risk are talked about. In area three, models will be given and broke down. I will likewise depict the approaches to conquer these issues in the fourth area. 2. What is Moral Hazard? Moral risk is characterized in different manners in various perspectives. The most punctual clarification is from the point of view of protection part. Marshall (1976) gave the definition as any misallocation of assets which results when dangers are protected with typical protection contracts and just with such agreements. Quickly, moral danger as the hazardous conduct a safeguarded individual may act as a result of the protection spread. There are two sorts of good risk in protection field. One of them is ex bet moral peril, which is simply the unsafe conduct. In this circumstance, the protected will act dangerous, which brings about greater installment by the guarantor for the negative result. The other one is ex post moral danger. This is the kind of conduct that individuals change their response of hazard when protection is given or broadened to take care of their expense. Moral risk can be likewise clarified as far as specialist guideline issue. Dowd (2009) characterized moral risk as the potential conduct that one gathering who is for the sake of another gathering puts his own advantage first. This definition is regularly utilized in the board region. It is considered as the outcome of hilter kilter data. Michael Parkin (2010) clarified this as follows: In certain business sectors, either the purchasers or the venders typically the dealers are better educated about the estimation of the thing being exchanged than the individual on the opposite side of the market. Data about the estimation of the thing being exchanged that is controlled by just purchasers or venders is called private data. Also, a market where the purchasers or venders have private data has unbalanced data. Hilter kilter data messes two up: antagonistic determination and good risk. Moral danger is the inclination for individuals with private data, subsequent to going into an understanding, to utilize that data for their own advantage and at the expense of the less-educated gathering. 3. Instances of Moral Hazard There are numerous cases about the ethical danger issue in protection showcase. A model gave by Stiglitz (1997) is about the collision protection in New Jersey. During the 1980s, New Jersey was considered to have the most noticeably terrible issue on accident coverage. It had no maximum cutoff on the clinical costs that could be asserted from any mishap and the state even gave accident protection, Joint Underwriting Authority (JUA), to drivers who are too unsafe to even think about getting protection from privately owned businesses at a comparative rate for the less hazardous drivers. The state endured a major misfortune by its protection arrangement. The auto collision rate and vehicle robbery rate were a lot higher than the majority of different states. Drivers took progressively unsafe conduct when they are guaranteed against clinical medications and vehicle burglary. The JUA had collected a $3 billion shortfall toward the finish of the 1980s and extra burdened were expected to co ver the misfortune which carried enormous issue to the administration. In account and banking industry, moral danger likewise can be found in different cases. Too large to bomb banks theoretical speculation banking exercises are ensured by the administration, on the grounds that their disappointment will influent the entire economy. The conviction that they will consistently be saved from breakdown makes these enormous banks face more prominent challenges in their loaning strategies looking for more significant yields. Another case of good danger issue in banking industry is that brokers empower getting which isn't in the clients wellbeing. In numerous business, brokers go about as the two loan specialists and monetary counselors for their clients as a result of their money related skill. Cases, for example, brokers give prompts in their own wellbeing instead of clients can be found. In numerous banks motivation frameworks, investors can get reward by loaning more to clients, yet will get no or a unimportant measure of punishments when the loaning isn't advantageous to clients or the obligation can't be gathered. This would presumably bring about clients or banks misfortunes which has little effect on the investors singular advantages. Comparative models can be found in the executives zone. Administrators who follow up for the sake of investors to work the organizations would take hazardous and transient arranged methodologies which could augment their own advantages at the expense of investors. Chiefs whose installment is identified with the companys benefit would perhaps do activity approach which would build the benefit inside his business period yet probably won't make investors affluent over the long haul; a few administrators who hold the companys investment opportunity may attempt to blast the stock cost by misrepresentation. These are totally considered as good peril issues which originate from the organization issue and the deviated data. The most acclaimed model is presumably the fall of Enron in which not just the administration and motivation of the executives were included, reviewing, subsidize the board and budgetary examiners additionally had an impact which can be viewed as shameless for this situat ion. 4. Some Further Discussion In this area, subsequent to taking instances of good danger issue from various perspectives, what they share for all intents and purpose are examined. The inquiry why good danger is considered as a difficult will be examined and potential answers for these models are additionally be given. (1) Common highlights and negative result of good danger Most importantly, at any rate two gatherings are included. In the instances of protection, the two gatherings are the back up plan (insurance agencies or the state) and the guaranteed party. In the financial models, the issue is among banks and the state or brokers and clients. Furthermore, as far as the board, it comes to specialist (chiefs) and rule (investors). Besides, one partys intrigue is ensured, which energizes facing higher challenge. The loss of the protected party can be mostly secured by the protection regardless of how unsafe his conduct is. Comparative component is appeared in the instances of banking and the executives, despite the fact that they do have some hazard the board framework to restrict the hazard inside certain degree. Moreover, the exceptionally hazardous conduct of one gathering is hard to or can't be constrained by the other party. A collision protection supplier is difficult to control each guaranteed drivers driving velocity. Not all clients of banks and investors of organizations have an away from of what their specialist (financiers and supervisors) are doing a result of lacking private data and expert information. Whats more, these ethical danger issues bring about the expense of others and could prompt misallocation of social assets. The instance of New Jersey accident coverage during the 1980s, the fall of Enron in 2001 and the ongoing financial emergency all caused gigantic social expenses and brought economy issues. (2) Can these issues be survived? Dowd (2009) proposed that gauges that restrain and dispense with moral danger ought to be invited to decrease inordinate hazard taking practice; and those make moral risk ought to be maintain a strategic distance from. For the most part, a hazard the board framework ought to be assembled. For instance, insurance agencies guarantee ones property up to a specific level of its substitution cost instead of completely spread it. Subsequently, regardless of whether a major piece of the hazard is assumed control over, the guaranteed party will even now be more terrible off if awful thing occurred. Furthermore, this will urge them to lessen their hazard taking conduct. In Pauly (1968), deductibles and coinsurance are recommended to diminish the ethical peril. Deductible is a protection where a sum ought to be paid by the safeguarded before the safety net provider will cover any costs. Coinsurance is a sharing of hazard among safety net provider and protected. The two strategies intend to parting and spreading the hazard among the at least two gatherings engaged with moral risk issue. In Dowd (2009), he contended that the state backing ought to be expelled from banking an

Sunday, August 2, 2020

Book Riots Deals of the Day for September 12th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for September 12th, 2019 Sponsored by Taína by Ernesto Quiñonez, new in paperback in English and Spanish. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Friday Black by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Tales of Two Americas: Stories of Inequality in a Divided Nation by John Freeman for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Amity and Prosperity: One Family and the Fracturing of America by Eliza Griswold for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The Whale by Philip Hoare for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Labyrinth Lost  by Zoraida Cordova for $3.82.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): The Italian Teacher by Tom Rachman for $1.99 The Book of Dust: La Belle Sauvage by  Philip Pullman for $2.99 The Woman Who Smashed Codes by Jason Fagone for $2.99. The Storytellers Secret by  Sejal Badani  for $1.99. The Year of Wonders by Geraldine Brooks for $1.99. Vita Nostra: A Novel by Sergey and Marina Dyachenko and translated by Julia Meitov Hersey for $1.99. And the Mountains Echoed by Khaled Hosseini for $1.99. For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Politics by Donna Brazile, Yolanda Caraway, Leah Daughtry, and Minyon Moore for $2.99. Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky for $1.99 Moxie by Jennifer Mathieu for $2.99 The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert for $2.99 Never Stop Walking: A Memoir of Finding Home Across the World by Christina Rickardsson, translated by Tara F. 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Saturday, May 23, 2020

Ready Player One Is Made By Ernest Cline - 1776 Words

Ready Player One is made by Ernest Cline is his first novel made in 2011. Ernest Cline says that he is a screenwriter, spoken-word artist, and full-time geek and he currently lives in Austin, Texas with his wife and his daughter. Throughout the book s journey, he had many different variations of the story. Speaking of the story, in the year 2044 the world isn t a great place to live. The energy crisis is a large threat, people are starving, and many people are in poverty. Even though the world isn t in the best place in the world, there is one thing that people enjoy. It s called OASIS,: it stands for Ontologically Anthropocentric Sensory Immersive Simulation. This device is used as a multi-platform, massively multiplayer,†¦show more content†¦These guys are called Gunters; these guys are going after Halliday s Easter Egg which is a contest to win the company the owns the OASIS. Like in every story, there has to be an antagonist or business rather. Meet IOI or Inter active Online Industries, which is hated by most everyone in the OASIS community. They want to control the free OASIS and charge people for usages. Like every company, there are different divisions, like the Oology division. This division was created to hunt after Halliday s Easter Egg to win over the OASIS, the Oology division’s head and is the main antagonist of the story. I didn t even tell about James Halliday; he is the owner of GSS, Gregarious Simulation Systems (Originally Gregarious Games before OASIS was released). Halliday was the introverted genius that created many award winning and astounding games. Halliday and Ogden Morrow founded GSS, Og was the business end of GSS and was the social one of the duo. He ran the publishing, advertising, and most of the interviews. Og had many different meetings when Halliday died, at the beginning of the book the creator of OASIS died and a video was released about Halliday s Easter Egg. This contest was used to find th e new heir to the throne of GSS and OASIS. Halliday s Easter Egg also came with a large sum of cash to sweeten the pot. Naturally, this contest is widely popular, and everyone is looking to find the first of the three gates to finish theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ready Player One By Ernest Cline856 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, Ready Player One, by Ernest Cline, follows Wade Watts, or Parzival, and Nolan Sorrento, two very different characters, Wade Watts, or Parzival, and Nolan Sorrento. Using a structuralist critique, Parzival and Sorrento differ in the amount of knowledge each possesses on James Halliday and how much violence each will use to obtain the egg, yet they both share a strong determination to discover the egg. Nolan Sorrento will kill innocent people in order to obtain the egg, while Parzival doesRead MoreComparison Of Technology In Fahrenheit 4511151 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is on the rise which has changed people’s lives. Today’s technolo gy a positive improvement which has grown over the past years. Today everyone uses technology, from old to new. Both Ernest Cline and Ray Bradbury present worlds that are run by technology.The technology in ready player one and Fahrenheit 451 is both bad and good. Fahrenheit 451 is all about a fireman called Guy Montag who does the opposite of what fireman do, starting fires instead of putting them out. The society in FahrenheitRead MoreReady Player One By Ernest Cline889 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology and the economy of today is growing and getting more advanced than ever, yet the world can go completely upside down in 29 years from today. In the book Ready Player One, Ernest Cline states that the world is in the year 2045, the future is absolutely corrupt and everyone is living in a dystopian world. Almost everyone uses OASIS, an online gaming program, and is ultimately many people s escape from their reality. The creator, James Halliday, sent out an alarming announcement inte rruptingRead MoreReady Player One Paper3266 Words   |  14 Pagesinterviewing my father about what made the 1980s unique, special, and different, I was really able to make a connection of how identical his description was to the one that took place in Ready Player One. After comparing the similarities between the two, I was also able to make the connection of how different everything is today compared to the lifestyle back in the 1980s. Before I interviewed my dad, I informed him that I just read a book called Ready Player One and that a lot of the informationRead MoreReady Player One By Ernest Cline984 Words   |  4 PagesSpace is an important influence in Ready Player One. Ready Player One, by Ernest Cline, is a science-fiction novel centered around a hunt for a fortune that the founder of a virtual world has left that can be unlocked by clues winning games. The winner will have massive power fortune. The influence of space is great because of how the OASIS world affects Wade, how the Playstation virtual world affects me, how gender codes affect you. In Ready Player One, the main character, Wade Watts, isRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Ready Player One By Ernest Cline1794 Words   |  8 Pagesthis intention, literature glorifies the oversimplification of reality to a great extent as readers become enticed by the prospect of living a less complex life. Notably, Ready Player One by Ernest Cline, examines the challenges and benefits of physically living in one reality while mentally living in a virtual reality. Cline introduces the virtual reality OASIS, as the primary reason to why the protagonist, Wade, continues to exist. However, by dedicating his life to OASIS and deciding to oversimplifyRead More1984 Dystopian Literature1924 Words   |  8 PagesThe backdrop of Children of Men, directed by Alfonso Cuaron, is based on the infertility of humans. As a result of this premise, it has caused societies to collapse, and the population rate to plummet. Thus, the authoritarian government of Britain, one of the remaining functioning governments, imposes oppressive immigration laws on refugees and illegal immigrants. It achieves this by controlling the opinion of the people, through government propaganda (and brutal military/police enforcement). By consistentlyRead MoreMedia s Effect On My Daily Existence Essay2179 Words   |  9 Pages ninth grade. Despite the fact that, I didn t have much to post or do on there, the excite of having one was sufficient for me. That is, until I discovered my companions had it as well and it turned into a customary thing from that point on out. From that day on, I have been labeled in pictures, posted statuses, changed profile pictures and occupied with numerous different exercises that could decide one s perspective of me. This week I reported how regularly I checked the common social media sitesRead MoreThe Haunting Of Hill House1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthis, and only ones with a complex neural network have the desire to complete puzzles for enjoyment. Over 40% of Americans play video games at least three hours a week; 1.2 billion people play video games worldwide. Games have always been a form of entertainment, chess is a melena and a half years old, but video games only arose in the last 60 years. Making their mark on history and are slowly taking over the world, the electronic world is becoming more seductive than the real one (home). Jean BaudrillardRead MoreOne Hundred Years Of Solitude By Gabriel Marquez1777 Words   |  8 PagesOne Hundred years of Solitude by Gabriel Marquez One Hundred Years of Solitude is a story revolving the different generations of the Buendà ­a Family in. Macondo. The founder of Macondo, Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a and his wife, Úrsula Iguarà ¡n, leave Riohacha, Colombia, in search of a better life and better home. One night during their emigration Buendà ­a dreams of Macondo, in which he describes is â€Å" a city of mirrors† that reflects the world inside out. After he wakes up from his dream, he begins to

Monday, May 11, 2020

Bullying Among Girls And Boys - 2369 Words

Running head: BULLYING AMONG GIRLS AND BOYS Bullying Incidences among Girls and Boys in High School Geneva Summerville SNHU Abstract To determine if there is a high incidence of bullying among girls than boys in 10th grade students in high school, 350 students between the ages of 17-17 will be studied. The gender make-up of the students will be exactly 175 females and 175 males from all ethnicities. Each student will take a 15 item survey that will consist of questions relating to bullying and if the consequences of reporting bullying stops or continues. Data from the survey will be shared with the school administration for review of the measures that are in place for reporting of bullying. Chapter I: Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if there are more incidences of bullying among girls than boys in the high school setting. Experimentation will be conducted that allows for students to openly share their feelings about bullying and if reporting the incidences causes it to cease or continue to happen. The study’s conclusion will help the administration at the school determine if bullying continues to be a problem and it will also allow the administration to determine if the reporting measure that’s currently in place deems effective. Justification Bullying has been at the root of school violence for a very long time. Studies show that as school shootings surfaced in the media (Peters, 2012), many of the cases wereShow MoreRelatedBullying and Cyberbullying: An Analysis870 Words   |  3 Pagesquestion of which of the two genders (boys or girls) are more involved in bullying, an analysis of findings will be conducted. As the aim of the research is to focus on boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 18 (grades 8 to 12), it is important that the types of bullying that are relevant to the age group are looked at. With the advancement of technology, most teenagers in high school are active users of social networking. This leads to cyber bullying. Cyber bullying includes sending â€Å"text messagesRead MoreThe Act Of Bullying Prevention Center Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesmore girls than boys were the victims of this bullying. Also 13% of students have often been called insults based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and disability (National Bullying Prevention Center, 2016). The act of bullying have increased enormously in past five years in the United States. Worldwide, schools are intended to be safe places for students to learn valuable skills and grow. However, students will likely face negative experiences, such as bullying, whichRead MoreBullying Is Not New, And It?1638 Words   |  7 Pagespicked on. However, when does it come to the point of bullying? The topic of bullying is not new, and it happens to more teenagers than what we would like to think. Bullying can be defined as verbal, emotional, or physical abuse by means of threatening, intimidating, or frightening someone smaller or weaker than the aggressor. Bullying can also involve exclusion, such as a group of friends forming a clique and excluding others from their group. Bullying can be a hidden disease viciously preying on itsRead MoreTeenage Parents And Rape : Adolescence Friendship And Bullying956 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Live-streamed Her Friends’ Rape: Adolescence Friendship and Bullying Even though people may think that teens are still children, but they are much maturer than we might imagine and can do things that people may never expect them to do. In a recent Broadly report (Kazdin, 2016), I read that on February 27, 2016, Marina Lonina, who was 18 at that time, live streamed her friend being raped by a 29-years-old man on Periscope app. She didn’t call the police and she claimed that she was doing it toRead MoreWhy Bullying Is An Act Of Survival932 Words   |  4 PagesBullying can be traced back to the beginning of time, but only recently has it become a national problem in schools. Donegan(2012) explains how the desire to survive is part of instinct among all living things due to the multitude of species and limited natural resources on the planet which requires species to compete. There has been a constant drive to out-perform others in order to have our needs and wants met. According to Small (2007), research on nonhuman primates has shown how monke y and apeRead MoreEssay about Bullying and Bullycide1685 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is defined as aggressive behaviour that is intentional and involves an imbalance of power and strength (1). From harsh words being wrote on the inside of bathroom stalls to being teased, socially exclude, physically assaulted and being hounded out on the internet, bullying appears to be escalating with no signs of stopping. The victims of bullies are often the targets for various reasons such as being too fat, too skinny, too quiet or in most cases being homosexual. Often times the victimsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Single-Sex Education1374 Words   |  6 Pagessingle-sex secondary schools, 378 of them are state schools (DFES, 2007). As such, there are considerable debates about the single-sex education system whether it is the best way of learning or not. Co-education (co-ed) is an educational system where boys and girls study in the same institution, which means no segregation on sex-basis. Throughout the history of education and until the 18th century, single-sex school (SSS) was the most common type of school around the world, but after that, in the 19th centuryRead MoreBullying Is A Massive Issue Around The World Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesBullying essay for US 22750 Bullying is a massive issues around the world. In our communities and especially in our schools. As a community we need to understand the meaning of bullying, what is the definition of bullying? The different types of bullying, understanding exactly what action causes bullying to be defined as bullying. Understanding the concept of bullying is important to try and understand what the victims had to endure and struggle through and the consequences of being bullied. BecauseRead MoreBullying Is A Common Problem Among Children And Adolescents996 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is a common problem among children and adolescents (Wang, Nansel, Lannotti, 2011). Bullying takes different forms include physical (hitting), verbal (name-calling), and rational (social isolation) which are typically known as traditional bullying or cyber bullying which occurs on the internet (Wang, Nansel, Lannotti, 2011). The purpose of the paper is to examine the situations and contexts that promote cyber and t raditional bullying by reviewing studies that suggest (1) increased technologyRead MoreSingle Sex Classes Should Not Be Incorporated Into Schools Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesschooling: the increase of bullying among children in segregated sex schools. Although there is little research on bullying in single-sex schools, the research available indicated that students at single-sex schools feel they are bullied more at their current school when compared to their past coeducational environments (Spielhagen and Milczarski 45). In addition, the reason there is so little research available on bullying in single-sex schools is because most have â€Å"no-bullying policies† which makes

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cafs Summary on Parenting and Caring Free Essays

Parenting- the process of raising and nurturing children in a family Caring- the process of looking after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness or disability Biological parents- the parent who has provided the genetic material, either sperm or an ovum, to create a foetus Pregnancy Planned- involves a strategic choice on when to parent. There are physical, emotional and economic impacts that result from this decision Unplanned- may result from poor knowledge about contraception, the fertility cycle or failure with contraception such as a condom tearing IVF and GIFT In-vitro fertilisation †¢Occurs outside the body †¢Drug treatment is used to stimulate the maturation and number of ova †¢Egg follicles are monitored through ultrasound †¢Eggs are collected under general anaesthetic †¢Fresh sperm sample is obtained †¢Egg and sperm is prepared and cultured, combined and then fertilisation takes place †¢Following microscopic examination, viable embryos are transferred back into the uterus †¢Once implanted, pregnancy has occurred †¢Spare eggs are frozen for the future †¢Success depends on age, viability of sperm and level of expertise Gamete intra-fallopian transfer Occurs inside female body †¢Drug treatment is used to stimulate the maturation and number of ova †¢Egg follicles are monitored via ultrasound †¢Eggs are collected under local anaesthetic †¢Eggs are combined with fresh sperm sample †¢They are returned to the fallopian tubes where fertilisation may occur †¢Once fer tilisation occurs, embryo implants in uterus and pregnancy is monitored †¢Fertilisation occurs inside the body †¢Much more successful Social parents- individuals with a parenting responsibility towards a child whom they do not share a genetic relationship with. Social implications are the positive and negative effects on an individual or group that occurs as a result of an action or choice made either by the individual, themself or by another person or group Legal implications are the positive and negative legal consequences or commitments that occurs as a result of an action or choice made b an individual or group FASS Fostering- an alternative living arrangement for children whose parents are temporarily unable to care for them in their family home Legal implications Children and young persons (care and protection Act) 1998 (NSW) †¢Any person fostering children who is not related to them msut have a license to foster issued by the Department of Family and Community Services †¢Foster carers must consult with the DCS about various parenting issues such as type of school the child will attend and faith practices †¢The foster cannot make medical decisions †¢The foster parents may be compensated for deliberate damage to chi ld Social implications Carers must encourage contact with the young person’s birth family and accept that he or she will probably return to their birth family †¢carers and their family may have mixed feelings about this especially if the young person has become part of their family †¢when allocating foster placements, families are sometimes split up as all children cannot be accommodated and stay together †¢foster children may been to have multiple placement changes such as schools and new siblings influencing their satisfaction of emotional, social and intellectual needs †¢30% of foster children have been abused by biological family, affecting how they meet new people as they feel angry and abandoned †¢problems between biological family and foster child may result in a restraining order by fostering family Adoption- the process by which the legal responsibility of parenting a child is given to a family mother than the than the biological family Legal implications Regulated by the legislation, including Adoption Act 2000 (NSW) and Family Law Act 1975 (cth) †¢All legal rights and responsibilities are transferred to the adoptive parents †¢Change in parenting is permanent; birth parents lose all rights to the child. We will write a custom essay sample on Cafs Summary on Parenting and Caring or any similar topic only for you Order Now However they may maintain the right of information and contact, if permitted by the Family Court †¢If the child is older than 12 they must consent the adoption. If the person is from an ATSI background, they must receive counselling about their customs and culture †¢Step parents must be married or in a de-facto relationship or a child whose lived with them for 2 years †¢Needs to be assurance from governing bodies such as DOCS that all aspects of the wellbeing of the child can be met Social implications Societies changing attitudes have resulted in fewer adoptions, the use of the contraceptive pill and development of birth technologies †¢Family relationships change, which can be significant as the child ages †¢The decision to tell a child they are adopted may be distressing †¢May cause different emotions for adopted child as they have the right to know their origins †¢The child must overcome feelings of being rejected by birth parents. May impact on sense of identity and self esteem †¢No knowledge of child’s medical history which can cause problems in diagnosing illness or most appropriate medical treatment †¢Family and community acceptance, example if the child looks different to parents the adoptive relationship is apparent †¢Child should have the opportunity to maintain cultural heritage †¢Acceptance of adoptive child if parents have biological children Step-parenting- when a man or woman marries or forms a de-facto relationship with a partner who has a child or children from a previous relationship Legal implications A step parent has no legal responsibilities towards the child †¢A step parent who has acted as a parent to a child for a long time, and is now being divorced from the biological parents, may have visitation rights if a judge decides its in the Childs best interest †¢In the event of the death of a step-parent the rights of the step child are different from those of a biologi cal child in regard to inheritance, child support and making decisions †¢If a child is adopted by step-parents, rights to inheritance from biological parent are lost Social implications †¢Community perception holds that an intact original nuclear family is superior as blended or step may be seen as deficient †¢There is often a ower struggle between the child/ren and step parent, which may lead to issues for their relationship and the family †¢Conflict can occur between the children and step parent and between step children from both partners. Primary relationships and responsibilities can become blurred †¢Old family traditions may be changes. This can be difficult for all †¢Partners may have different visions of family life and parenting styles that need to be reviewed, discussed and adjusted †¢Poor relationships with step parents are recognised as a significant factor in causing young people to leave home and decrease in academic performance and s elf esteem and depression Surrogacy- an arrangement made between a couple who cannot have a baby and a woman who gets pregnant on the couple’s behalf. The child is handed to the couple after delivery Legal implications †¢It is legally a grey area as it is neither prohibited nor encouraged †¢Very specific criteria needs to be established for both parties based on an honour agreement that is not legally binding †¢Payment cannot be made †¢Adoption process needs to be successfully undertaken †¢Egg and sperm must be from commissioning couple †¢Commercial couple must be able to prove medical reasons as to why they can’t biologically conceive and that they’ve been trying to conceive for 3 years with unprotected intercourse, and still cant conceive Social implications The surrogate mother may have an ongoing attachment to the baby after birth †¢Emotional pain may be experienced by the surrogate mother and her family by giving up the child †¢If the surrogate mother goes back on the agreement, there may be disappointment and animosity between parties †¢Community acceptance may be mixed as surrogacy isn’t a widely accepted practice †¢Surrogacy is very costly and may affect the social parents economic status †¢Surrogacy is a long, exhaustive process †¢Social parents may change their mind, leaving the baby with the surrogate mother whom may not have adequate resources or family support †¢The woman’s body is not an object, it’s a form of prostitution †¢It’s unethical and unmoral Carer relationships Carers are people who look after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness and/or disability. Carers may be paid or unpaid. Many circumstances may lead to a person requiring care. Some circumstances are planned and may have been anticipated. Example: a planned pregnancy, adoption or fostering, grand parenting, looking after an ageing parent. Unplanned circumstances are unexpected and thus afford a few preparations in the short term such as: a unplanned pregnancy, grand parenting, a health problem such as operation failures, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, AIDS, multiple sclerosis or cancer, an accident, birth abnormalities and unexpected age deterioration. Some of the implications of caring will relate to management of: was there time to prepare or not? What is the expected financial expenditure how will it impact on the satisfaction of needs and overall wellbeing? What will be, and who will take on, the roles and responsibilities associated with caring? Voluntary They are unpaid. They are usually family members such as parents, partners, brothers, sisters, friends or children. They provide care and support to children or adults who have disability, mental health problems, chronic condition or a temporary illness. Some are eligible for government benefits, while others are employed in their usual job and undertake caring responsibilities after work and on weekends. The burden of caring can affect the satisfaction on physical, intellectual, social and emotional needs. Paid They take on the role of caring as a form of employment and therefore receive financial payment. Type of paid carerDescription Family day careProvides home-based care up to five children in a family setting Nanny Provides home-based care to children in their family home Doctor Provides medical advice, treatment and assistance to those in care Foster carerIs licensed to provide care in their own family home Teacher Has a duty of care and primarily encourages learning skills, knowledge and behaviours; plays a valuable tole in socialisation Nurse Provides medical assistance in community centres, homes, hospitals and nursing homes Palliative carerProvides assistance to people who are terminally ill, as well as support to family members How to cite Cafs Summary on Parenting and Caring, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Unexplored Depths free essay sample

The hunt for the perfect college has led me to one deciding factor: I hope to attend school somewhere near water. A river, a lake, an ocean- any body of water will do. The cities that I fall in love with are the ones reflected at night, doubling their beauty and expanding their presence, as if a parallel universe, both mysterious and wonderful, lived within the depths of the deep blue. To me, water is more than two hydrogen atoms plus an oxygen one; like people, the poetry matters just as much as the chemical makeup. Staring out at the horizon where the sky meets the water, you can’t help but feel something well up inside of you from deep within, a feeling best described as humility, for you realize how small you are in comparison to the big, bright, beautiful world. It is both a fear and a falling in love; it is an infinite appreciation for the universe which has conspired for you to be where you are today. We will write a custom essay sample on Unexplored Depths or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I felt this way driving across the bridge of the Tamsui River towards my birth city of Taipei, Taiwan, returning to my homeland after an eleven-year hiatus. I had been raised under the dry Texas sun ever since I was a baby, unused to the mountainous terrain and humidity of the country I owed my heritage to. A bubbling anxiety boiled under my skin as I entered my city for the first time. How could I honor my background when I didn’t even understand it? Where did I belong if I was a foreigner in my own country? My identity crisis mounted as the capital city loomed closer, enveloping me in a life I had never encountered. I turned away from the city and looked to my right out across the river. The blaze of city lights glowed softly back at me from the choppy waters, welcoming me to a culture that was both a stranger and a piece of me. Suddenly I found familiarity in the darkness. The enchanting beauty of water would remain the same no matter where in the world I was. From its reflection in the river, I finally saw my city unveiled as it truly was, fierce and alive. I directed my gaze back at the city itself and realized that although I had much to learn about my native country, I couldn’t wait to dive beyond the surface and explore its mysterious depths. Water calms me down. There is peace to be found even in choppy waters and stormy seas. There is joy on a rainy day and there is an eye to every hurricane. No matter what, water will always be a refresher, the coolness of diving into a swimming pool after a Texan summer day. Leaving home to venture out into the world can be a nerve-racking experience, but keeping the sound of waves close by will be like taking a piece of home with me- both a comfort and an inspiration. Leaving home to live next to the most important river in America would be an absolute dream come true. I hope I will have the opportunity to delve into St. Louis’ reservoir of knowledge and discover something about myself along the way.

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Stranger Existentalism essays

Stranger Existentalism essays Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes a few main points, such as the freedom to choose and the choices you make should be made without the assistance of another person or standard. From the existentialist point of view you must accept the risk and responsibility of your choices and follow the commitment to wherever it leads. Someone that is put in a particular situation understands it far more than someone looking in on that same situation, one commonly used situation that appears often in existentialist writing is that of death. The existentialist should learn to accept death when the time has to come and should know that the most important questions in life are not accessible to reason or science. Acting on your own experiences is essential in arriving at the truth and man is condemned to be free. (Sartre) There were two parts in The Stranger that helped me better understand existentialism the most. One part of the novel that helped me to understand existentialism better was when Meursault shot the Arab on the beach and how he handled the situation afterwards. The Arab had drawn his knife and held it up to Meursault, but this wasn't what bothered him, it was the light from the sun that shot off the Arabs knife, and the intense heat along with the salt from his sweat in his eyes that was bothering him. Meursault shot the Arab mainly because he was uncomfortable and not because he felt threatened, but in any case he made the decision to shoot him. In the next chapter Meursault can't understand why he would need an attorney for his case because it's simple to him, he had murdered a man and was now ready to pay the consequences. He had made a choice that might not have been the right one but he accepted it and was ready to go through with his decision to wherever it would lead. The other part in The Stranger that helped me to understand existentialism better was at the end of the novel when Meursault is se ...

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Existent vs. Existing

Existent vs. Existing Existent vs. Existing Existent vs. Existing By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the correctness of the following phrase: â€Å"the strengths of the existent organization.† Says the reader: I just read this phrase in an email sent out from the Deans office of a large Midwestern university known nationally for academic excellence. Personally, I would not have written the sentence with the word existent I would have used â€Å"existing.† Did someone not proofread carefully enough? Is â€Å"existent† OK to use? Does it sound too snooty? Although both adjectives mean â€Å"having being or existence in the present time,† existing is the word most commonly used to describe such things as organizations, processes, laws, and amenities: Your IT department might have a list of best practices and guidelines that you can use to streamline information, avoid duplication, protect sensitive data, and use existing systems more efficiently. Use of immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain measurements compared with existing techniques as a means of typing monoclonal immunoglobulins. The four main methods in reforming law are repeal  (get rid of a law), creation of new law, consolidation (change existing law) and codification. Existent may not be exactly â€Å"snooty,† but it is more often used in discussions of spiritual or philosophical matters than in talking about day-to-day activities: It is commonly accepted that there are two sorts of existent entities: those that exist but could have failed to exist, and those that could not have failed to exist. Entities of the first sort are  contingent beings; entities of the second sort are  necessary beings. Russells problem of the  existent  round square might then be reformulated as  the problem of the existent-cum-modal-moment round square.   One point on which there is agreement [about Existentialist thought] is that the existence with which we should be concerned here is not just any existent thing, but  human existence. When speaking of a health condition that is in existence at the time someone applies for health insurance, the usual term is â€Å"pre-existing condition.† There is a word pre-existent, but like existent, it appears mostly in religious and philosophical writing. For example: According to Baha’i teachings, the individual soul of a human being comes into being at the time of conception and only thereafter is eternal; in other words it is not pre-existent. [They also teach] that God, a reality which human consciousness cannot comprehend, is pre-existent, that is He exists prior to time and to His creation. Arius (c. 256-336 CE) believed that the pre-existent Son of God was directly created by the Father, that he was subordinate to God the Father, and that only the Father was without beginning or end, but that the Son was also divine. The word nonexistent, on the other hand, is quite common in ordinary speech:   Cops Arrest Photographer for Nonexistent Law They [job applicants] bought a bachelor of science degree in biology, dated June 13, 1975, and a masters degree dated June 10, 1988, in Collins name both from Lexington University, a nonexistent school purportedly in Middletown, N.Y. Speakers and writers who replace existing with existent in a non-philosophical context may be creating a back-formation from nonexistent. In standard usage, it’s still best to use existing to refer to such things as laws, customers, and systems, reserving existent for philosophical discussion. The adjective extant, â€Å"continuing to exist,† is used to describe artifacts or structures that have survived beyond the time other things like them have disappeared. Here are two examples of this use: The only extant copy of Clarkes 1619 broadsheet can be found in the British Library. The Yambol Covered Bazaar is the only such Ottoman institution still extant in Bulgaria. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SThe Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetDouble Possessive

Monday, February 17, 2020

The Development of the New Media Economics under influence of global Research Proposal

The Development of the New Media Economics under influence of global economics crises - Research Proposal Example The economic indicators of media industry are crucial to study and understand. Answering this question will allow to establish relationship of performance of the industry according to the external environmental factor. Global economic crisis have impacted the economic activities of the developed, developing and underdeveloped economies. According to IMF definition of global recession, the growth rate of economy less than three percent results in global recession (Lall, 2008). Nevertheless the theoretical motivation comes from the book of Albarran (1996) that allowed basic understanding of media economics, where economic activities of different media markets have been covered. This initiated interest of researcher on different aspects of media economics. The global crisis brought different economic situation of a business cycle particularly to new media economics. New Media Economics is that field of economic studies that covers different aspects of production, distribution and consumption of media services by different consumer groups. This is an interdisciplinary study that borrows thoughts from different areas of studies like entertainment studies, management, economics, psychology and others. This study also covers the impact of technology on the different operations of media industries. There have been various studies done in order to understand different aspects of new media economics (Lall, 2008). â€Å"The world economy is likely to shrink for the first time in decades this year, the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned. Dominique Strauss-Kahns prediction is gloomier than that the IMFs current official forecast of 0.5% growth. He added that trade was falling at an alarming rate and business and consumer confidence had collapsed. (BBC, March 2009)† In this scenario, there are too much of talk in our own surroundings and environment that attracts people to know more about the same. Media

Monday, February 3, 2020

The American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The American Revolution - Essay Example The biography of George Washington was originally written by Mason Locke Weems who maintained a subjective approach in evaluating the facts and presented Washington as a folk hero. Although they had lived through the revolution, yet many of the early historians did not have objective grounds for their claims. A new generation of historians surfaced with the start of the 19th century. Today, whatever we know about the American Revolution is primarily an outcome of their compilation of the war events. Historians of the 19th century mutually held a consensus that the American Revolution was morally justified. They were of the view that American victory opened the gate to freedom. The determinists of the early 20th century presented the second school of thought regarding the American Revolution. They thought that the revolution revolved around the conflict of class. The economic motivations were hard to be justified with the widespread rhetoric about equality and republicanism. The determinists analyzed the revolution as more than just an endeavor to gain independence. They thought of it as a means to strengthen a ruling elite American class. The determinists base their assertions on the fact that a vast majority of the people who had signed the Declaration of Independence were rich and took the revolution as a means to strengthen their power. The third school of thought regarding the American Revolution surfaced after the Second World War. Neo-Whigs were the owners of this school of thought.

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Environmental Issues in Malaysia

Environmental Issues in Malaysia 1 INTRODUCTION There has been a very high level of concern on environmental issues worldwide nowadays. Ministry of foreign affairs statistic shows that over the years, the temperature has been rise because of carbon dioxide trapped and green house gases have affected the global climate. This change will affect the people live all over the world. This also includes access to water, health, food and the well being of the environment. Todays, many consumers started to realize that their purchasing behavior actually will cause a big impact to the environment. Therefore, companies should practice offering environmentally friendly products and service to people to prevent this world become worse. Therefore, companies should practice offering environmentally friendly products and service to people to prevent this world become worse. Although, Malaysia has undergone an excellent development followed governmental efforts to attract foreign investor to come and invest for a green product development in Malaysia, the practices of environmental responsible behavior are still low among Malaysian consumers. An example of the lack of environmental responsible behavior is shown in an article in Bernama whereby garbage thrown by one of the state in Malaysia residents is the main cause of river pollution in the state. According to a survey which was conducted on line by global market insight and information group, on the aspect of eco-friendliness of habits and behaviors only 8% of Malaysian respondents responded that they have changed their behavior in a greatest deal to benefit the environment. In addition 83% respondents reported that their views on a companys and their Colleges friendliness to the environment would influence their purchases of products and services. Studying the determinants of generation-Y consumers green purchase behavior will be definitely benefit green marketers. Generation-Y (also known as a millennial) is defined as A label attributed to people born during the 1980s and early 1990s. Members of Generation Y are often referred to as echo boomers because they are the children of parents born during the baby boom (baby boomers). Because children born during this time period have had constant access to technology (computers, cell phones) in their youth, they have required many employers to update their hiring strategy in order to incorporate updated forms of technology. In a simple word, generation-Y grew up with a technology and relies on those things to perform their job and their task. In addition, when going through a literature review in Malaysian context, there are still a gap existed between environmental knowledge, intention and behavior towards green product. [Said et al. (2005)]. Even though people that have vast knowledge about green products are not necessarily would buy a green product. Therefore, factors those determine and affect Generation-Y to purchase a green product would be worth to find out. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH Environment is defined as what surrounds a thing or an item or in other words it means the surrounding. It could be a physical element which is physical environment, that includes the built environment, natural environment such as air, water, land, atmosphere and etc or it could be human environment where people surrounding the item or thing which also known as the social environment. Today environment is getting worst and worst. Many environmental issues arise. Environmental concerns have been growing in recent years. One of the examples of environmental issue is global warming. Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities such as burning garbage and waste are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused primarily by increases in greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide. The greenhouse effect keeps the earth warm when functioning normally. For the first time in h istory, human activities are altering the climate of our entire planet. According to (Jack, 2010), in less than 2 centuries, humans have increased the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by 25% from the burning of fossil fuels and the destruction of forests. In addition to the natural fluxes of carbon through the Earth system, human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning and deforestation, are also releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (The Carbon Cycle; the Human Role, Earth Observatory, NASA). Green product is define as a product that produce limited carbon footprints; they may require fewer resources to produce, consume less energy or emit fewer hazardous emissions.  Green product is also a product that is non toxic, water-efficient, and also recyclable and biodegradable. There are many green products that have been produce for people in the market. For example, a household cleaner. Nowadays its nearly impossible to go shopping without finding a plethora of products that claim to be environmentally and consumer friendly. Oddly enough, many cheap and eco-friendly substances, such as vinegar, have been used for years as home cleaners. Whether you buy a green cleaning product at a store or use something on hand in your pantry, you can reap the benefits of choosing products that are gentler on you and the environment. Phosphate-free dishwasher and laundry detergents are also consider a green product because they do not discharge environment-damaging phosphates into wat erways. Other examples of green cleaning products are those labeled certified biodegradable; these have passed several stringent tests relating to biodegradability and environmental impact conducted by an independent certifying agency. According to Consumer Reports, the certified biodegradable label is more meaningful than a general biodegradable label. Glass and metal cleaners, kitchen and bathroom cleaners, and laundry detergents are products that might carry this label. The rationale for going green is twofold. Clearly, the positive effects on the environment are a key driver for purchasing green product.  Green product provides myriad environmental benefits. They can replace toxic materials that may be harmful to people or animals. Also, some products save energy and water, while others limit solid waste and manufacturing releases. Green products create a healthier environment for people through reduced exposure to cleaners, solvents, paints and other hazardous substances. Green product also can reduce allergies. Many families find that their children are suffering from allergies, even though their family history does not necessary say that there are no allergies. In some situations, chemicals found within cleaning products contain allergens. Bleaches, toxic cleaning sprays and other chemicals used to clean the home commonly contain a variety of ingredients specifically able to cause or trigger allergies in people.   Generation Y are the cool generation, they embrace brand and live in the new world of digitize communication. Thus that might be interesting to find their perception and their level of awareness towards environmental issues that the world is facing nowadays. Gen Y has grown up in a very structure, busy and over planned world. Also, Gen Y is made up of confident, optimistic young people who feel valued and wanted. In a article of science daily, Gen-Y is a people that will go all the way when it comes to saving the environment as long as it benefit to world economic and environment. They are maturing into a pragmatic generation that wants to do the right thing for the environment but also has real economic concerns 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Consumers or practically customers are the sellers and buyers that boost the countrys economy. Therefore, many firms are actually putting many efforts in order to attract more customers because these customers create businesses opportunities and generate profits to them. As the world nowadays facing so many problems regarding to an environmental issue, the consumers and their attitudes or behaviors to purchase a green product are the important factors to be considered. Consumers nowadays have more choices due to the effects of globalization. They will prefer the function of the product rather than the brand or whatsoever to ensure a healthier future. To determine the current level of Gen-y consumers preference towards the green products. To determine what are the determinants or factors of Gen-y consumer preferences towards the green product. To determine the consequences or effects of Gen-y consumer preferences towards the green product. To determine consumer level of awareness of Gen-y consumer towards green product. 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Awareness towards environmental issue that the world nowadays facing play a major role encourage people to purchase a green product. Thus, this study is attempts to relate on the various variables that influence consumer especially generation-Y to purchase a green product. The objectives are as the following: To study the factors affecting the consumer especially Gen-Y to purchase green product. Gen-y is a new generation and It is crucial to understand as they are more advance and modernize. Thus, several researches have been conducted in order to understand consumers in a way that how they behave, and what are the factors that cause them to behave or react to the responses of the products. Leading factors such as price and quality are always the top concerns to the consumers. Product attributes will moderate the effects of price on quality judgments. Partial of the consumers may focus on buying low prices goods and neglect the quality of the products. This group of consumers takes the price as a measure of sacrifice. For instance, consumers take the price served as the benchmark for comparing utility gains from the quality of the product. One the other hand, some portion of the consumers will be willing to pay a premium price for the quality and function of the products, as they are very sensitive to the signals of the quality of one product. Thus, it is hope that this stud y will contribute further to the understanding of factors of price and quality that may lead to the consumers prefer for a green product To understand the awareness level of people about Go Green campaign. Nowadays, there are many environmental campaign have been organized by a government and private sector. This campaign is aim to encourage people to more concern about the environment. Thus, it is hope that this study will explore how people react to a environmental campaign and what is their level of awareness about the awareness campaign. To examine the benefit for people involvement in Go Green program. We might be asking, how we will benefit from getting involved in this environmental campaign. Well, recently there has been an increase in events directly related to the availability of natural resources. For example energy shortages that resulted to load shedding, change in weather patterns and water shortages. As a result, civil society is recognizing the need to manage our natural resources more effectively and responsibly. In doing so, we can ensure positive effects on our health, quality of life and even the cost of living. Thus, this study will help people to getting known more about what they will gain if they participate in the environmental campaign. To discover what consumer perception towards green product. In curiosity to identify what are the main components or criteria that consumer especially gen-Y are looking forward in order to purchase a green product. It is true that each and every one of us are special and unique in the way we are, thus, every consumer has their very own perception in purchasing a green product. Different people from different backgrounds may have different perceptions on these products. In addition to that, different demographic groups may have different perceptions to this kind of product as well. Thus, this study will help to identify whether the consumer especially gen-y prefer to buy a green product or not to safe a mother of earth. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY This study is crucial as there are a lot of green products have been selling nowadays. Obviously, when we talk about green product, the price for that particular item might be so expensive. The study on factors affecting consumer especially Gen-Y buying a green product may allow us to know in depth why are previous efforts taken does not produce as it is thought it would be. Based on the study conducted, motivations towards the environment, knowledge on green product, social norm, awareness and self-image have an impact on the consumer especially Gen-Y buying a green product. Government may need to enhance its program in educating people green product. New and more interesting Go Green program and method is a definite necessity in motivating people to increase their interest/awareness on a green product and indirectly motivates them to purchase it. 1.5 SCOPE OF STUDY The research focus on students in Multimedia University (MMU) Melaka campus and teenagers from outside the campus which comes from various demographic backgrounds such as the faculty, ethnicity and nationality. The focused respondents are a great resemblance on the exact population in Malaysia. 1.6 ORGANIZATIONAL OF RESEARCH 1.6.1 Chapter 1: Introduction Regarding this chapter, it introduce the background of this research such as why do people as a consumer buy a green product. Thus, this will create a strong preference among the gen-y consumers locally and abroad to consume and purchase green products. These sections will explain in details in the of consumers preferences from the Malaysian perspective and as well from the global view for green products. This chapter also recognized the problem statement and the research objectives for this research. Finally, the justification of the research will help to justify the benefits and those who will gain in this research. Chapter 2 : Literature Review A thorough study will be conducted on the dependent variable and independent variables. The main purpose for this chapter is to weigh the pros and cons of the topic and to discuss in details on the ideas and knowledge concerned. In this chapter, every definition of the dependent variable and independent variables will be cited from the journals in order to strengthen every point mentioned. Several of arguments and various points of views from different authors in order to provide a stronger formation of each point can be founded in this chapter. In addition to that, this chapter explains the relationships on several independent variables relate to the dependent variables. 1.6.2 Chapter 3 : Research Methodology Research methodology is usually conducted after the thorough study of literature review. In this chapter, theoretical framework will be form to illustrate the relationships between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Hypotheses or a proposed explanation which were made on the basis of limited evidences will explain the relationships between two or more variables. All the hypotheses stated will be tested together with empirical data. This chapter also includes the description of the sampling data, data collections and as well as the development of the questionnaire for this research. Chapter 4 : Data Analysis After questionnaires are collected from all the respondents, then few tests will be conducted to test on the validity and reliability of the results. The responds of the questionnaires from the respondents are represented by a set of numbers that symbolize their own significant meanings. Whereas the tests that will be carry out are to analyze the responses from the respondents so that it will derive to a stronger conclusion at the end of this research. Chapter 5 : Conclusion This chapter will provide the final outcome of this research. Thus, the final results will be explained and we will be able to identify how the exact hypotheses that formed earlier are hold. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Environmental quality in Malaysia According to report from Department of Environment Malaysia, 2006, Malaysia experienced a short period of slight to moderate haze due to trans-boundary pollution from neighboring countries. The air quality status in different states differed according to the geographical locations, the industrial and commercial activities, populated areas and the traffic conditions. During that period, Klang Valley area in Malaysia was more prone to air pollution than any other areas and the air quality was only good 23% of the time, moderate 70% of the time and the remaining 7% at an unhealthy level. As a developing country, Malaysia faced great challenge in ensuring a balance between development and environmental sustainability. Urban air and river quality, deforestation, household waste and hazardous waste are some of the serious and worrying environmental problems faced by the country According to The Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010) report, Malaysian government allocated RM510 million for cleaning, preserving and beautifying rivers; RM530 million for coastal management; RM200 million for reforestation; and another RM70 million for the management of wildfire and protected areas to ensure environmental sustainability and resource management. In a global environment article stated that, Solid waste is one of the three major environmental problems in Malaysia. It plays a significant role in the ability of Nature to sustain life within its capacity. Currently, over 23,000 tonnes of waste is produced each day in Malaysia. However, this amount is expected to rise to 30,000 tonnes by the year 2020. The amount of waste generated continues to increase due to the increasing population and development, and only less than 5% of the waste is being recycled.   Rivers represent the lease of life which pulses through the earth. It is a finite and only source of water. In Malaysia, there are almost 1800 rivers. Sadly, more than half of these rivers have been polluted and destroyed. Improper solid waste management contributes greatly to river pollution. Improper solid waste management also contributes to climate change decomposing waste produces methane and production of new products to meet demand emits greenhouse gases and utilizes natural resources. Therefore, a shift towards more sustainable consumption patterns is required. 2.1.1 Concern of environment There are many reasons and factors that affect consumer especially Gen-Y to buy a green product. According to  Mostafa (2007), green purchase behavior or environmental friendly buying behavior is the consumption of products that are beneficial to the environment, recyclable or conservable, Sensitive and responsive to ecological concerns. Concern for the environment is perceived to be important in encouraging consumer to participate in green program and also buying a green product. Research finding suggest that, moral concerns determine several curtailment behaviors (Goldstein et al., 2008; Hage et al., 2009). However, studies on the influence of moral concerns on consumer high involvement buying decisions with environmental implications are rare (Thà ¸gersen, 2005). This is a problem since overlooking an influential determinant might hinder or delay successful diffusion of environmentally friendlier products and innovations. Consumer identify environmental protection as a pri ority for governmental policies and this interest has led to an increase in ethical production-for both consumer and non-consumer products (  Finisterra do Paà §o  et al., 2009). Sensitivity to environmental issues shifts consumer behavior towards supporting the growth and diffusion of green marketing and ecologically-conscious consumer behavior including: consumer preference for greener firms, increase in demand for greener products. (Alsmadi, 2008; Finisterra do Pacao et al.,2009) found that greater awareness of environmental problems, increased media coverage, impact of major industrial disasters on public opinion, and the rise of pressure group activities are among the factors driving environmental concerns. 2.2 Green marketing Grant, John.(2008)define the green as a brand that that offers a significant eco-advantage over the incumbents and which hence appeals to those who are willing to making green a high priority. Soonthonsmai (2008) defined a green marketing as the activities that have been taken by firms that are really concern about the environment or green problems by delivering the environmentally sound goods or services to create consumers and societys satisfaction. Other definitions of green marketing as proposed by marketing scholars include social marketing, ecological marketing or environmental marketing. Harrison (2008) proposed green marketing strategy by firms through positioning the environmental benefits of green products to consumers mindset to influence their purchasing decision. Peatitie (2007) and Welford (2000) defined green marketing as the management process responsible for identifying and satisfying the requirements of customers and society in a profitable and sustainable way. In r eality, companies that pursue green marketing encounter numerous challenges mainly from the variability of demand, un-favorable consumer perception and high cost (Gurau and Ranchhod, 2008). The most key concern lies in an understanding of green consumers and their characteristics amd will help firm to enable and to develop a new target and segmentation strategies (DSouza et al., 2008). Dwyer (2009) defined green as the products to be designed, commercialized, and used which are capable of reducing sources of pollution and minimizing risks to human health and the environment. On the other hand, there are product sector specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ c examples of research on green buying process, such as food and household products (Vantomme et al., 2005) and clothes (Shaw et al., 2006) 2.2.1 Consumer preference on green product The dependent variable in this study is the factor that affecting consumer preferences for green products. Everyone in this Earth, play a major role as a consumer. Consumers are the main factors that boost a countrys economy. Each and every consumer has their very own perspective and preferences towards what they consume. Consumer from different demographic factors such as background and society may influence their behavior in making decisions while to purchase products. Thus, it is undeniable that consumers preferences and their perspective towards goods and services are hard to predict. DSouza  et al.  (2006a)  found out in their research that consumers perception of green products did not influence by criteria such as packaging, label and ingredient of a product. The important finding from  DSouza  et al.  (2006b)  was that green consumers would rely more on their personal experience in using the product rather than evaluate a green product base on marketers provided information. Interestingly, this finding however contradicts to DSouza, Taghian and Lambs finding they found that consumers are getting environmental information from labels before deciding to purchase a green product. It is mean that, label are important to capture consumer impression to buy a green product. The importance of consumers has lead to many researches to be conducted in order to study on their behavior and attitudes towards what they perceived on the products. Barr and Gilg (2006) was found that green purchasing behavior was the least popular activity alongside activities such as recycling and habitual household activities. However, not surprisingly, green consumers do consider environmental factors when purchasing products, but engaged more frequently in activities such as switching off lights and recycling paper (daily activities). Wheale and Hinton (2007) suggested that amongst the population of green consumers there is a hierarchy of importance of ethical drivers in the purchase decision-making process. The environment was rated as the most important ethical driver during purchasing decisions. The finding from  DSouza  et al.  (2006a)  was if product is lower in quality, consumers would not have intention to buy green products even though they were always reading labels. Furthermore, if product is more expensive, consumers might have intention to buy green products. Therefore,  DSouza  et al.  (2006b)  concluded from their study that consumers were not compromised to lower product quality. However,  Rashid (2009)  in his study stated that eco label is an important factor that would enable consumers to make the right purchase choice if faced with a situation that required their consideration of the environmental impact on a product that they wish to purchase. 2.3 Knowledge and attitude towards environment and green product Knowledge and attitude towards environment are very important to influcence consumer especially Gen-Y To buy a green product. There is a general belief among the researchers and environmental activists that through purchasing environmentally friendly products or green products, products with recyclable packaging or properly disposing of non-biodegradable garbage, consumers can contribute significantly to improve the quality of the environment (Abdul-Muhmim, 2007). The quality of the environment depends critically on the level of knowledge, attitudes, values and practices of consumers (Mansaray and Abijoye, 2005). Attitudes are the most consistent explanatory factor in predicting consumers willingness to pay for green products (Chyong et al., 2006). This means that price is not the main factor in preventing consumers from purchasing green products if they are pro-environment. Researcher also found that Influencing consumer behaviour is a complex and difficult task requiring knowledge of its determinants. The most convincing support of the growing influence of the ecologically-friendly consumer is the increase in the number of individuals that are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products (Bang et al., 2005). 2.4 Social norm and value perception influence consumer to buy green product. Studies have also investigated the effect social influence has affect consumer especially Gen-Y purchase green product.The interest in green initiatives is not expected to emanate only from external impositions and inducements but also from the internal sense of responsibility of a firm towards the society in which it exists. For green issues, such sensitivity is intensified by increasing environmental problems such as global warming and pollution. Such problems may also raise awareness and interest of a firm to behave in a more socially responsible manner and reflect an image of due diligence and commitment to sustainability. Green purchasing is primarily motivated by a certain degree of consumer ecological consciousness. Frey and Stutzer (2006) identify a number reasons behind environmental motivation: intrinsic motivations, altruism, internalized norms and social norms. Social norms lead individuals to take into consideration the opinions of the other members of society when choosing a green product over another: if they think that their acquaintances approve of green product purchase and disapprove of standard product purchase, there are encouraged to buy green products. (Ewing, 2005) stated that social norms are an important motivator of ecologically responsible behaviour. The strength of the normative influence of the consumers family and social groups on purchasing decisions depends on the characteristics of the product (e.g. luxury rather than a necessity). Value perception is the conception one has of oneself. Study in marketing influence on consumer purchase decision on green product, value perception was influencing green behaviours. This agrees to Lee(2008) finding value perception as the third predictor of her study. Apart from behavioral aspects, numerous studies have also looked at the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic variables and purchase green product involvement. Kinnear, T. and Taylor, J. (1973) stated that there has been no signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant link found between demographic segmentation and green purchase. This could be due to the notion that different groups of people relate to different parts of the environmental agenda Peattie, K. (1995). There have been contradictory results of younger and older age groups concerns about environmental issues Peattie, K. (1995). There is, however, a belief that environmental concern is directly related to a consumers level of education Balderjahn, I. (1988). Based on four surveys, Hines et al. found no relationship with gender. Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Overview Methodology is a system of methods used in a particular research. Research methodology normally comes after defining the problems and completing the thorough of the literature review. Research methodology which has been implemented to collect, investigate and as well as interpreting data obtained for the testing of the hypothesis will be discussed. Theoretical framework will be formed in this chapter in order to illustrate the relationships in between the dependent variable and independent variables. Besides that, hypotheses were developed and will be discussed together with the explanations in conjunction with the dependent variable and the independent variables. On top of that, plans of the sampling method, data collection methods and as well as the development of the questionnaires are included in this chapter. Finally, the data analysis and the hypotheses testing will carry out to analyze the responses from the respondents so that it will derive to a stronger conclusion at the en d of this research. 3.2 Theoretical Framework Figure 3.1 below illustrates a theoretical framework that shows the relationships in between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Knowledge Country Factors affecting Gen-y consumer in Malaysia buying a green product Attitude Social Norm Value Perception 3.3 Explanation of Framework The preferences of consumers for green products are subjective. Consumer from different demographic factors such as background and society may influence their behavior in making decisions while to purchase products. Whether they have a greater of favor to green products or to ordinary products are just hard to predict. Thus, it is undeniable that consumers preferences and their perspective towards goods and services are hard to predict. The importances of consumers have lead to many researches to be conducted in order to study on their behavior and attitudes towards what they perceived on the products. The knowledge, which is one of the factors that might cause preferences for consumers to make purchases for green products. The first thing that came across consumers mind is the brands and firms that produce a green product. Thus, the brand image of the company has help by providing hints to the consumers in summarizing the information from that certain product. According to Grunert (1993), knowledge of the benefits of a green products use on the environment may have an impact on whether or not that product is purchased and used. Besides that, consumers also prefer to purchase a green product with a lower cost. The attitude is another most influential factor in consumer preferences for green products. Consumers normally are not really aware about our environment issue nowadays. It is because they get less information regarding to our environment situation. Awareness towards our enviro

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Nature vs. Nurture: Do We Have Control Over Our Destiny Or Is It Pre-determined For Us?

Do we have control over our destiny or is it pre-determined for us? This age-old question, which has been pondered since the age of Socrates, continues to cause much debate today. Psychologist will favor one side or the other with much controversy on the issue. They have been trying to explain or excuse human behavior in order to have a deeper understanding for development. Many professions have solicited the assistance of psychologists in trying to pre-determine the psychology of potential people for areas such as employment and placement. The legal profession has sought out psychologists on both sides to prove their theories of the mental abilities, behavior explanations or predictions of behavior of a defendant or plaintiff. â€Å"Society has been fighting a continuous fight from the debate nurture to nature, leaving behind a number of bewildered social scientist. Yet we still love to phrase everything in terms of one influence or the other, rather than both. † (Waal, 1999). In the educational profession, understanding the balance or affect of both nature and nurture is essential to designing an effective plan for each pupil’s advancement. Even though, today, it is widely accepted that the child’s culture interacts with his or her genetic traits to determine the kind of adult he or she will become, it is worth looking at this centuries’ long debate. The central dispute in the study of human development is the nature-nurture controversy. It is the continuing debate over whether the individual’s various traits and characteristics are influenced more by inborn factors or by experience. The nurture debate stresses the importance of cultural influences and other aspects of the environment that influence human development. Theorists, who share this view, believe that human development can be controlled by manipulating the environment. The nature debate refers to the idea that biological heredity is the only factor that determines differences among individuals. Nature refers to the traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual genetically acquires from his/her parents. Some of those traits are physical characteristics, diseases, athletic and intellectual abilities, etc. At the end of the eighteenth century, a debate began about the nature of human beings, the influences of the mind on behavior, and the differences between humans and animals. On one side of the debate were people who believed that newborn babies were born without any knowledge or skills. John Locke, a British philosopher, suggested in the 1690s that the human infant is like a blank slate, on which experience in the form of human learning and it writes messages on the infant’s unformed mind. This view is known as empiricism. It credits human development to experience. What directs human development is the stimulation people receive as they are nurtured (Berger, 1988). Several years later, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that children are capable of discovering how the world operates without adult teaching. He believed that children should be allowed to grow as nature dictates, without guidance or pressure from adults. This view is known as nativist. It argues that people’s heredity is the mold that shapes development (Cranston, 1991). John Watson, the founder of behaviorism, argued that the environment and not nature, was the key to human development. His theory states that most human behavior is learned, or conditioned. In 1918, he began conducting a series of highly controversial experiments with children. The results of these experiments demonstrated that an infant could learn to fear an object he or she previously perceived to be harmless, and he or she could come to fear similar objects. From his experiments, Watson inferred that children learn everything from skills to Nature vs. Nurture 4 fears. Watson showed that childhood learning experiences could have lasting effects in people’s lives (Crain, 2000). In Sigmund Freud’s theory, development was the product of both internal urges and external conditions, particularly children’s sexual and aggressive urges and how parents handled them. His theory incorporated both nature and nurture. Freud was the founder of Psychoanalysis, a theory that stresses the influence of unconscious motivation and drives [on not needed] all human behavior (Bee, 2002). In the 1970s, the theory of Jean Piaget dominated the developmental psychology field. Piaget suggested that nature and nurture are inseparable and interactive. His theory states that at each age, people develop schemas. Schemas are general ways of thinking about ideas and objects. According to him, as children actively manipulate and explore their surroundings, internal mental images of objects and actions guide them. Experience modifies these schemas. These schemas, in turn, organize past experiences and provide guidelines for understanding future experiences. Human development is accomplished by a process of organization and adaptation (Berger, 1988). Erik Erickson’s psychosocial theory of human development proposes that individuals are influenced by the interaction of physical characteristics, personal experiences, and social forces. In his view, each culture greatly influences each person’s ability to deal with the most significant tasks of psychological development (Crain, 2000). Nowadays, it is accepted in the developmental psychology field that both heredity and environment contribute to human development. The degree to which nature or nurture influences Nature vs. Nurture 5 a person’s development varies according to the different characteristics. Although some human characteristics are more influenced by external characteristics and others are more influenced by internal conditions, nature and nurture interact to determine behavior. The environment encourages or discourages the expression of an individual’s inherent potential; at the same time, genetic characteristics affect an individual’s environment. In other words, in terms of human development, nurture and nature complement each other. Reference Bee, H. (2002). Child and adolescent development (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing. Berger, K. S. (1988). The developing person throught the lifespan (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Crain, W. (2000). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Cranston, M. (1991). The noble savage: Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Waal, F.,(1999). The End of Nature versus Nurture. Scientific American. Retrieved March 9, 2005, from http://www.sfu.ca/~dant/projects/psyc100/de_waal_nature_nurtute.pdf.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

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